In one sentence, Catholics believe that Pope leads the Church on Earth, while Protestants believe it is Jesus alone who leads the Church on Earth. So what is the answer, and why does each group believe this?
According to Catholicism, the Pope is the Vicar of Christ and is the Successor of St. Peter though Apostolic Succession. St. Peter was clearly the first head of the Church, and he appointed many people to be bishops after the death of Christ, and they all have the full authority of a bishop through Apostolic Succession. Likewise, the Pope takes the role of St. Peter and is the head of the Church on Earth. When in the chair of St. Peter and united to all the bishops of the faith, the Pope is able to exercise his authority and be infallible when it comes to universal teachings on faith and morals. Furthermore, the Pope is guided by the Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ is the Supreme Authority over the Church. According to Protestantism, Christ alone is the head of the Church and no human can be infallible. Also, the authority of the Church comes from the Word of God, or in other words the Bible. This is why they do not believe in Sacred Tradition too. Protestants also believe that every person has the Holy Spirit within them and thus is able to interpret the Bible, while Catholics believe that the Church alone can interpret the Bible due to its infallibility. So who is right? To be frank, one who is Catholic will believe they are right, and one who is Protestant will believe they are right. Catholicism, with more understanding, makes much more sense and Apostolic Succession is clearly present in the Bible.
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